19.Swift Subscripts and Inheritance

在枚举类型、结构体、类中定义 subscript 方法可以让对象实现下标操作。然后继承又一个 final 关键字可以阻止复写。

下标语法

下标可以快速访问元素、列表或者序列。枚举类型、结构体、类都可以定义下标。

定义下标语法。

subscript(index: Int) -> Int {
    get {
        // return an appropriate subscript value here
    }
    set(newValue) {
        // perform a suitable setting action here
    }
}

下面是只读下标的例子。

struct TimesTable {
    let multiplier: Int
    subscript(index: Int) -> Int {
        return multiplier * index
    }
}
let threeTimesTable = TimesTable(multiplier: 3)
print("six times three is \(threeTimesTable[6])")
// Prints "six times three is 18"

下标可以带多个参数。

struct Matrix {
    let rows: Int, columns: Int
    var grid: [Double]
    init(rows: Int, columns: Int) {
        self.rows = rows
        self.columns = columns
        grid = Array(repeating: 0.0, count: rows * columns)
    }
    func indexIsValid(row: Int, column: Int) -> Bool {
        return row >= 0 && row < rows && column >= 0 && column < columns
    }
    subscript(row: Int, column: Int) -> Double {
        get {
            assert(indexIsValid(row: row, column: column), "Index out of range")
            return grid[(row * columns) + column]
        }
        set {
            assert(indexIsValid(row: row, column: column), "Index out of range")
            grid[(row * columns) + column] = newValue
        }
    }
}

var matrix = Matrix(rows: 2, columns: 2)

matrix[0, 1] = 1.5
matrix[1, 0] = 3.2

继承

继承是类的特性，可以继承方法、属性或其他类的特征。

定义一个基类。

class Vehicle {
    var currentSpeed = 0.0
    var description: String {
        return "traveling at \(currentSpeed) miles per hour"
    }
    func makeNoise() {
        // do nothing - an arbitrary vehicle doesn't necessarily make a noise
    }
}

let someVehicle = Vehicle()

print("Vehicle: \(someVehicle.description)")
// Vehicle: traveling at 0.0 miles per hour

定义子类继承基类。

class SomeSubclass: SomeSuperclass {
    // subclass definition goes here
}

class Bicycle: Vehicle {
    var hasBasket = false
}

class Tandem: Bicycle {
    var currentNumberOfPassengers = 0
}

let tandem = Tandem()
tandem.hasBasket = true
tandem.currentNumberOfPassengers = 2
tandem.currentSpeed = 22.0
print("Tandem: \(tandem.description)")
// Tandem: traveling at 22.0 miles per hour

复写父类的方法。

class Train: Vehicle {
    override func makeNoise() {
        print("Choo Choo")
    }
}

let train = Train()
train.makeNoise()
// Prints "Choo Choo"

复写变量的 setter 或 getter。

class Car: Vehicle {
    var gear = 1
    override var description: String {
        return super.description + " in gear \(gear)"
    }
}

let car = Car()
car.currentSpeed = 25.0
car.gear = 3
print("Car: \(car.description)")
// Car: traveling at 25.0 miles per hour in gear 3

复写属性。

class AutomaticCar: Car {
    override var currentSpeed: Double {
        didSet {
            gear = Int(currentSpeed / 10.0) + 1
        }
    }
}

let automatic = AutomaticCar()
automatic.currentSpeed = 35.0
print("AutomaticCar: \(automatic.description)")
// AutomaticCar: traveling at 35.0 miles per hour in gear 4

使用 final 关键字可以防止复写。

相关

18.Swift Properties and Methods

20.Swift Initialization and Deinitialization